Multiplication table
The following table is part of mutliplicatin table and some of the digits in the product are replaced with question marks. For example, \(x \cdot y = 7?2\). What is the sum of the four product numbers in this table?
y | y + 1 | |
---|---|---|
x | 7?2 | ??9 |
x+1 | ?2? | 8?? |
Solutions
According to the table, we have four equations.
\[\begin{align} x \cdot y = 7?2 \\ x \cdot (y + 1) = ??9 \\ (x+1) \cdot y = ?2? \\ (x+1) \cdot (y + 1) = 8?? \end{align}\]Looking at the first two equations, we can see \(7?2 + x = ??9\).
\[\begin{align} x \cdot y = 7?2 \\ x \cdot (y + 1) = x \cdot y + x = 7?2 + x = ??9 \\ \end{align}\]Therefore, the unit digit of \(x\) must be 7.
Since \(x \cdot y = 7?2\), the unit digit of \(y\) must be 6. Also, the unit digit of \(x + 1\) must be 8, and that of \(y + 1\) must be 7.
With the information about unit digits, we can find out the unit digit of all the product numbers.
y | y + 1 | |
---|---|---|
x | 7?2 | ??9 |
x+1 | ?28 | 8?6 |
Now we focus on the following equation because there is only one digit missing and we have clues about the hundred digit.
\[(x+1) \cdot y = ?28\]The question mark in this equation is either 7 or 8. We try 8 here (you can try 7, but it does not work). If the question mark is 8, we have
\[(x+1) \cdot y = 828.\]Now we need to find two integers. One of them has 8 at the unit place, the other has 6 at the unit place, and their product is 828.
Let us find all prime factors of 828.
\[828 = 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 3 \times 23.\]One pair you may find is \(x + 1 = 138\) and \(y = 6\). However, they do not work for ALL equations.
Another pair is \(x + 1 = 18\) and \(y = 46\). Voila! They work for all equations. So, \(x = 17\) and \(y = 46\).
46 | 47 | |
---|---|---|
17 | 782 | 799 |
18 | 828 | 846 |
Finally, the answer is 782 + 799 +828 + 846 = 3255.